Sleep Quality
Sleep concerns should be diagnosed first by a sleep physician. Orthodontics may be one part of a broader care team.
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Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). These conditions occur when the airway becomes partially or completely blocked during sleep, disrupting normal breathing patterns.
Jaw and oral structures can contribute to airway dimensions, but sleep-disordered breathing has many causes. A proper diagnosis comes first.
How Jaw Position May Affect Sleep
When you sleep, the muscles of your throat relax. In some patients, jaw structure and airway dimensions can contribute to airway narrowing, which may be associated with:
- Snoring: Vibration of soft tissues as air squeezes through a narrow passage
- Hypopneas: Partial airway blockages causing shallow breathing
- Apneas: Complete airway blockages causing breathing to stop temporarily
Signs of Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Nighttime Signs
- Loud or chronic snoring
- Gasping or choking during sleep
- Restless sleep
- Frequent nighttime urination
- Teeth grinding (bruxism)
- Night sweats
Daytime Signs
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Morning headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
- Mood changes or irritability
- Memory problems
- Waking unrefreshed
In Children
Sleep-disordered breathing in children is often overlooked but can have significant effects:
- Hyperactivity and attention problems (often misdiagnosed as ADHD)
- Behavioral issues
- Poor academic performance
- Bedwetting
- Growth problems
- Chronic mouth breathing
How Orthodontics Can Help
For Children
If recommended by a sleep physician or ENT, early palatal expansion may be considered when a child would also benefit orthodontically.
For Adults
For selected adults, MARPE or surgical options may be discussed as part of a multidisciplinary plan when medically indicated.
The Importance of Diagnosis
If you or your child shows signs of sleep-disordered breathing, proper diagnosis is essential. We can evaluate the structural aspects of your jaw and airway, but sleep disorders require diagnosis by a sleep physician, typically through a polysomnograph sleep study.
We work collaboratively with sleep physicians to ensure comprehensive care. Orthodontic treatment may be part of a multi-disciplinary approach that also includes:
- CPAP or oral appliance therapy
- Myofunctional therapy
- ENT evaluation (tonsils, adenoids)
- Weight management
- Positional therapy
Only a sleep physician can diagnose sleep-disordered breathing. We can help identify signs that deserve referral.